Multiple bilateral paratubal cysts and recurrent bilateral fallopian tube torsion in a premenarchal female: A case report

Introduction: Paratubal cysts are rare cystic structures that are usually asymptomatic; rarely, they may cause torsion of the adnexa.Case presentation: We report the case of a 13-year-old premenarchal female who presented with left lower quadrant abdominal pain for 4 days.She had a history of a previous right fallopian tube cyst and torsion 9 month

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Volatiles Induced from Hypolepis punctata (Dennstaedtiaceae) by Herbivores Attract Sclomina erinacea (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Clear Evidence of Indirect Defense in Fern

Plants have evolved various self-defense mechanisms against insect feeding.There are many reports regarding both direct and indirect defense mechanisms in seed-plant.However, only direct defenses on ferns were considered and the indirect defense mechanism has never been reported.In this study, it was observed that the fern Hypolepis punctata can at

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